If there was an error in the English translation of a patent application originally filed in the U.S. that was not in the English language, can the original filed non-English application be used to correct the error?

Yes.  Where a U.S. application as originally filed was in a non-English language and an English translation thereof was subsequently submitted pursuant to 37 CFR 1.52(d), if there is an error in the English translation, applicant may rely on the disclosure of the originally filed non-English language U.S. application to support correction of an error in the English translation document.