A pioneer patent is a patent that breaks with the past so distinctly that it creates an entirely new field (Consider Bell's patent on the telephone, or the Texas Instruments calculator patent). Most patents are instead incremental improvements of inventions that have gone before them.
Although certain academics argue that pioneer patents should enjoy different legal standards than improvement patents (e.g., a broader scope of equivalents), in actual practice, the courts have declined to divide patents into such categories, and have stated that pioneer patents are not subject to different legal standards than other patents as a reward for merit or otherwise. Augustine Medical, Inc., v. Gaymar Indus., Inc., 181 F.3d 1291, 1301 (Fed. Cir. 1999).
Although certain academics argue that pioneer patents should enjoy different legal standards than improvement patents (e.g., a broader scope of equivalents), in actual practice, the courts have declined to divide patents into such categories, and have stated that pioneer patents are not subject to different legal standards than other patents as a reward for merit or otherwise. Augustine Medical, Inc., v. Gaymar Indus., Inc., 181 F.3d 1291, 1301 (Fed. Cir. 1999).